http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001646
Posted: Kerry Xiong (Giv2Cure) Feb 25, 2011
WHAT: A disease cause by a parasite, sporozoites of the
Plasmodium sp.
CONTRACTION: Mosquitos who are infected with the parasite can give it to humans who they bite. Infected pregnant mothers can pass it to their fetus also. People getting blood transfusion, from someone who is infected, can get it too.
SYMPTOMS: High fevers, shaking chills, flu-like symptoms, coma, convulsion, headache, jaundice, muscle pain, nausea, bloody stool, sweating, vomitting, and anemia.
INFECTION MECHANISM: In humans, the parasites (called sporozoites) travel to the liver, where they mature and release another form, the merozoites. These enter the bloodstream and infect the red blood cells. The parasites multiply inside the red blood cells, which then rupture within 48 to 72 hours, infecting more red blood cells. The first symptoms usually occur 10 days to 4 weeks after infection, though they can appear as early as 8 days or as long as a year after infection. Then the symptoms occur in cycles of 48 to 72 hours.
SIGNS/TESTS: During a physical examination, the doctor may identify an enlarged liver or an enlarged spleen. Malaria blood smears taken at 6 to 12 hour intervals confirm the diagnosis.
TREATMENT/CURE: Requires medical hospitalization. Chloroquine (anti-malarial drug) is a frequently used anti-malarial medication, but quinidine or quinine plus doxycycline, tetracycline, or clindamycin; or atovaquone plus proguanil (Malarone); or mefloquine or artesunate; or the combination of pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine, are given for chloroquine-resistant infections. The choice of medication depends in part on where you were when you were infected. Aggressive supportive medical care, including intravenous (IV) fluids and other medications and breathing (respiratory) support may be needed.
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